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如何定時打開和關閉 GCP VM Nginx WEB 達到省錢目的

by | 12 月 7, 2023 | GCP, Linux, MIS, Ubuntu


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Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

Deprecated: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated in C:\inetpub\raintips\wp-content\themes\Divi\core\functions.php on line 1613

建立一個會自動開機和關閉虛擬機器的排程

值得注意的事項：

  • 主機時間都是 UTC 時間，設定的時候，要記得處理這邊，例如台灣時區是+8，所以設定時間的時候要-8

1.首先設定一個 Compute Engine 的 「執行個體排程」如圖所示

2.建立一個新的執行個體排程

設定在每天18:00到23:00最忙碌的時候多開一台主機

3.將要執行的 VM 個體加入到此排程中

記得建立好排程後，要把適用這個規則的 VM 個體都加入，GCP 的排程才會去處理 VM 的開關

4.執行排程的權限設定

如果你之前沒做過權限設定，那肯定會遇到權限不足的錯誤訊息，這時候要來到 IAM 與管理 -> 身分與存取權管理，並且先勾選「包含 Google 提供的角色授權」，然後選擇「授予存取權」

然後主體要選擇你自己的 compute-system.iam 指派角色則是選擇 Compute 執行個體管理員(v1)，如圖所示

建立 Ubuntu or Debian 的 Shell Script 定時執行開關機

1.建立自動開關設定的 Script

#!/bin/bash

SOURCE_CONF="/path/to/a.conf"
TARGET_CONF="/path/to/nginx/nginx.conf"

# 使用 sudo 執行需要 root 權限的命令
sudo cp "$SOURCE_CONF" "$TARGET_CONF"
sudo nginx -s reload

2.可以使用 crontab 命令來檢查和管理定時任務（cron jobs）

sudo crontab -e

加入執行時間、程式碼等設定

# 分 鐘 小時 日期 月份 星期 命令
0 23 * * * /path/to/update_nginx_conf.sh

這樣就可以利用 root 權限運行 Script

其中：

  • 分鐘：分鐘（0-59）
  • 小時：小時（0-23，採24小時制）
  • 日期：一個月中的某天（1-31）
  • 月份：月份（1-12）
  • 星期：星期幾（0-7，其中0和7都代表星期日）
  • 命令：要執行的命令或腳本的絕對路徑

例如，如果您希望每天凌晨 3 點執行一個名為 script.sh 的腳本，您應該這樣寫：

檢查

檢查 crontab 列表：輸入 crontab -l 來確認您的任務已被添加到 crontab 列表中。

其他方法

at 指令

例如要讓指令碼在明天的 10:00執行，可以執行下面的指令

at 10:00 AM tomorrow /path/to/script.sh

systemd (System and Service Manager)

  1. 創建一個 systemd 定時任務檔案。
  2. 在定時任務檔案中指定要執行的命令或腳本以及執行時間。
  3. 啟用定時任務。

例如：每一分鐘都要執行一次 script.sh

[Unit]
Description=My Script

[Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* *:* *

[Service]
ExecStart=/path/to/script.sh

錯誤處理

如果有遇到無法執行權限的話，可以參考下面的文章解決權限問題

解決GCP執行個體排程的權限錯誤

結語

這樣設定完成後，GCP自己就會在晚上11點關機、晚上6點開機，而我的腳本則是在晚上11:00 關閉 Nginx 的 upstream，在18:15開啟 upstream server

Debian Ubuntu 解決解壓縮 zip 中文亂碼