Windows IIS Server (2022) 安裝 PHP 的方法以及設定
我用 Windows Server 2022,已經沒法用Microsoft® Web Platform Installer (Web PI) 了,所以我就純手動安裝 PHP 8,這篇文章會假設你已經安裝好 IIS 了,並且提供下載PHP,安裝PHP,設定PHP,調教PHP,加速PHP等功能去說明
下載 Windows 版本的 PHP
https://www.php.net/downloads.php
在上面的畫面中選擇 Windows downloads,我們採用的是 IIS 所以在下面的畫面中選擇下載 Non Thread Safe 的 zip
下載完畢後,自行建立一個目錄把ZIP解壓縮後放在該目錄下,我是安裝了多個 PHP 版本,所以我建立了 PHP8 的目錄
C:\php8
Windows Server 主機啟用 FastCGI
[> 伺服器管理員]> [新增角色服務],在 [應用程式開發] 底下,選取 [CGI] 核取方塊
修改 PHP 組態的設定 (php.ini)
修改 C:\php8\php.ini ,將設定改成 Windows Server 適用的參數,官方建立設定如下
;IS 下的 FastCGI 支援模擬呼叫方用戶端之安全性權杖的能力。 這可讓 IIS 定義要求執行的安全性內容。 fastcgi.impersonate = 1 cgi.force_redirect = 0 ;這可讓 PHP 遵循 CGI 規格存取實際路徑資訊。 IIS FastCGI 實作需要這個延伸模組設定。 cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 ;將 extension_dir 設定為指向 PHP 延伸模組所在的位置 extension_dir = "./ext"
我個人常用的設定如下
max_execution_time = 300 memory_limit = 256M upload_max_filesize = 10M post_max_size = 10M log_errors = On error_log = syslog default_socket_timeout = 300 extension=curl extension=fileinfo extension=gd extension=intl extension=mbstring extension=exif ; Must be after mbstring as it depends on it extension=mysqli extension=openssl extension=pdo_mysql extension=php_imagick.dll [opcache] ; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled opcache.enable=1 ; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled for the CLI version of PHP opcache.enable_cli=1 ; The OPcache shared memory storage size. opcache.memory_consumption=256 ; The amount of memory for interned strings in Mbytes. opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 ; The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table. ; Only numbers between 200 and 1000000 are allowed. opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000 ; The maximum percentage of "wasted" memory until a restart is scheduled. ;opcache.max_wasted_percentage=5 ; When this directive is enabled, the OPcache appends the current working ; directory to the script key, thus eliminating possible collisions between ; files with the same name (basename). Disabling the directive improves ; performance, but may break existing applications. ;opcache.use_cwd=1 ; When disabled, you must reset the OPcache manually or restart the ; webserver for changes to the filesystem to take effect. opcache.validate_timestamps=1 ; How often (in seconds) to check file timestamps for changes to the shared ; memory storage allocation. ("1" means validate once per second, but only ; once per request. "0" means always validate) opcache.revalidate_freq=2 ; Enables or disables file search in include_path optimization ;opcache.revalidate_path=0 ; If disabled, all PHPDoc comments are dropped from the code to reduce the ; size of the optimized code. ;opcache.save_comments=1 ; If enabled, compilation warnings (including notices and deprecations) will ; be recorded and replayed each time a file is included. Otherwise, compilation ; warnings will only be emitted when the file is first cached. ;opcache.record_warnings=0 ; Allow file existence override (file_exists, etc.) performance feature. ;opcache.enable_file_override=0 ; A bitmask, where each bit enables or disables the appropriate OPcache ; passes ;opcache.optimization_level=0x7FFFBFFF ;opcache.dups_fix=0 ; The location of the OPcache blacklist file (wildcards allowed). ; Each OPcache blacklist file is a text file that holds the names of files ; that should not be accelerated. The file format is to add each filename ; to a new line. The filename may be a full path or just a file prefix ; (i.e., /var/www/x blacklists all the files and directories in /var/www ; that start with 'x'). Line starting with a ; are ignored (comments). ;opcache.blacklist_filename= ; Allows exclusion of large files from being cached. By default all files ; are cached. opcache.max_file_size=0 ; Check the cache checksum each N requests. ; The default value of "0" means that the checks are disabled. ;opcache.consistency_checks=0 ; How long to wait (in seconds) for a scheduled restart to begin if the cache ; is not being accessed. ;opcache.force_restart_timeout=180 ; OPcache error_log file name. Empty string assumes "stderr". ;opcache.error_log= ; All OPcache errors go to the Web server log. ; By default, only fatal errors (level 0) or errors (level 1) are logged. ; You can also enable warnings (level 2), info messages (level 3) or ; debug messages (level 4). ;opcache.log_verbosity_level=1 ; Preferred Shared Memory back-end. Leave empty and let the system decide. ;opcache.preferred_memory_model= ; Protect the shared memory from unexpected writing during script execution. ; Useful for internal debugging only. ;opcache.protect_memory=0 ; Allows calling OPcache API functions only from PHP scripts which path is ; started from specified string. The default "" means no restriction ;opcache.restrict_api= ; Mapping base of shared memory segments (for Windows only). All the PHP ; processes have to map shared memory into the same address space. This ; directive allows to manually fix the "Unable to reattach to base address" ; errors. ;opcache.mmap_base= ; Facilitates multiple OPcache instances per user (for Windows only). All PHP ; processes with the same cache ID and user share an OPcache instance. ;opcache.cache_id= ; Enables and sets the second level cache directory. ; It should improve performance when SHM memory is full, at server restart or ; SHM reset. The default "" disables file based caching. ;opcache.file_cache= ; Enables or disables opcode caching in shared memory. ;opcache.file_cache_only=0 ; Enables or disables checksum validation when script loaded from file cache. ;opcache.file_cache_consistency_checks=1 ; Implies opcache.file_cache_only=1 for a certain process that failed to ; reattach to the shared memory (for Windows only). Explicitly enabled file ; cache is required. ;opcache.file_cache_fallback=1 ; Enables or disables copying of PHP code (text segment) into HUGE PAGES. ; Under certain circumstances (if only a single global PHP process is ; started from which all others fork), this can increase performance ; by a tiny amount because TLB misses are reduced. On the other hand, this ; delays PHP startup, increases memory usage and degrades performance ; under memory pressure - use with care. ; Requires appropriate OS configuration. ;opcache.huge_code_pages=0 ; Validate cached file permissions. ;opcache.validate_permission=0 ; Prevent name collisions in chroot'ed environment. ;opcache.validate_root=0 ; If specified, it produces opcode dumps for debugging different stages of ; optimizations. ;opcache.opt_debug_level=0 ; Specifies a PHP script that is going to be compiled and executed at server ; start-up. ; https://php.net/opcache.preload ;opcache.preload= ; Preloading code as root is not allowed for security reasons. This directive ; facilitates to let the preloading to be run as another user. ; https://php.net/opcache.preload_user ;opcache.preload_user= ; Prevents caching files that are less than this number of seconds old. It ; protects from caching of incompletely updated files. In case all file updates ; on your site are atomic, you may increase performance by setting it to "0". ;opcache.file_update_protection=2 ; Absolute path used to store shared lockfiles (for *nix only). ;opcache.lockfile_path=/tmp
要注意的延伸模組
- 資料庫延伸模組(php_mysql) — 大部分開放原始碼應用程式會針對資料庫引擎使用 MySQL,請使用 php_mysql 或 php_mysqli 延伸模組。 針對新的開發工作,這些延伸模組都能正常運作,或考慮使用 MySQL 驅動程式的 PDO 版本 (PDO 是 PHP 擴充功能,可提供資料存取抽象層,可與各種資料庫搭配使用) ;這個額外的抽象層提供一組更豐富的物件資料庫功能和控制項。 如果 Microsoft® SQL Server ® (或快速版本,例如 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Express 或 Microsoft®® SQL Server ® ® 2005 Express Edition) 是資料庫引擎,請使用開放原始碼應用程式的php_mssql擴充功能。 針對新的開發工作,請使用 SQL 驅動程式的 PDO 版本。
- 影像處理延伸模組(imagick) — 許多可讓映射使用 GD2 擴充功能的開放原始碼應用程式 – php_gd2,其具有許多良好的基本映射操作應用程式開發介面, (API) 。 某些應用程式會使用 ImageMagick 應用程式和程式庫。 另外還有一個 php_exif 程式庫,可用來處理新式數位相機儲存在影像中的擴充資訊。
- 國際化和當地語系化延伸模組– i18n 和 l10n 最常使用的兩個延伸模組是php_mbstring (多位元組字元串) 和php_gettext (原生語言支援) 。 許多開放原始碼應用程式都使用其中一個或兩者。
- Web 服務延伸模組 – 根據所需的服務選擇 Web 服務延伸模組。 以 PHP 來說,會廣泛使用 SOAP 延伸模組。 XML-RPC 擴充功能通常與 SOAP 和其他服務搭配使用。
將 PHP 目錄加入環境變數中
IIS管理員中的設定
在管理員中找到「處理常式對應」
新增PHP對應
FastCGI PHP 對應參數
- 要求路徑: *.php
- 模組 :FastCGImodule
- 可執行檔: C:\php8\php-cgi.exe
- 名稱: FastCGI
參考資料
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