Select Page

2022年最新真正可以安裝 OpenCV 4 在 Raspberry Pi 4上(一鍵安裝)

講在前面,碰觸 OpenCV 已經快20年了,但每次碰每次都需要編譯,各個平台編譯和支援庫都不一樣,即便我已經做了 N 次,我每次要在不同平台導入,都要花上一整天才能編譯成功,老天爺太折磨人了,還好永遠都有大神幫忙協助,這一次靠著 Q-engineering 協助,終於可以成功在 Raspberry Pi 4 執行 OpenCV 4 了。

Raspberry Pi 4 上確認平台是 32 bit or 64bit

uname -a 

先執行 uname -a 確認輸出是否有關鍵字 armv7l , 有的話是 32-bit 版本,如果你有看到關鍵字是 aarch64 則是 64 位元的 OS,要注意 32 bit 和 64 bit 的安裝方法是不同的,以下先示範 32 bit 的安裝方法

OpenCV 版本介紹

現在要安裝的話,推薦都是要安裝 OpenCV 4 以上的版本,在去年 2021 年底推出了 4.5.5 ,完整的支援 DNN module.

OpenCV 安裝前更新 Raspberry Pi

sudo rpi-eeprom-update
sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a
sudo reboot

加大 Raspberry Pi 的 swapfile

開啟以及編輯 dphys-swapfile

sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile

找到 CONF_MAXSWAP ,將值調大超過最少 1024 以上,我自己是調到 4096 後,存檔後離開

CONF_MAXSWAP=4096

重新啟動服務

sudo systemctl restart dphys-swapfile

重頭戲,在 RPI 中一鍵安裝 OpenCV 4

# 檢查記憶體要有6.5GB以上再開始
free -m
# 取得 OpenCV-4-5-5.sh 執行檔
wget https://github.com/Qengineering/Install-OpenCV-Raspberry-Pi-32-bits/raw/main/OpenCV-4-5-5.sh
sudo chmod 755 ./OpenCV-4-5-5.sh
./OpenCV-4-5-5.sh

接下來只要你的前置作業無誤,等上約1.5小時就可以看到安裝 OpenCV 成功的訊息

不用一鍵安裝的可以按照順序輸入指令

#!/bin/bash
set -e
echo "Installing OpenCV 4.5.5 on your Raspberry Pi 32-bit OS"
echo "It will take minimal 2.0 hour !"
cd ~
# install the dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake git unzip pkg-config
sudo apt-get install -y libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgtk2.0-dev libcanberra-gtk* libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-gtk3
sudo apt-get install -y libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-gl
sudo apt-get install -y libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python3-dev python3-numpy python3-pip
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb2 libtbb-dev libdc1394-22-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libv4l-dev v4l-utils
sudo apt-get install -y libopenblas-dev libatlas-base-dev libblas-dev
sudo apt-get install -y liblapack-dev gfortran libhdf5-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev libgoogle-glog-dev libgflags-dev
sudo apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler

# download the latest version
cd ~ 
sudo rm -rf opencv*
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.5.5.zip 
wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/4.5.5.zip 
# unpack
unzip opencv.zip 
unzip opencv_contrib.zip 
# some administration to make live easier later on
mv opencv-4.5.5 opencv
mv opencv_contrib-4.5.5 opencv_contrib
# clean up the zip files
rm opencv.zip
rm opencv_contrib.zip

# set install dir
cd ~/opencv
mkdir build
cd build

# run cmake
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib/modules \
-D ENABLE_NEON=ON \
-D WITH_OPENMP=ON \
-D WITH_OPENCL=OFF \
-D BUILD_TIFF=ON \
-D WITH_FFMPEG=ON \
-D WITH_TBB=ON \
-D BUILD_TBB=ON \
-D WITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
-D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
-D WITH_EIGEN=OFF \
-D WITH_V4L=ON \
-D WITH_LIBV4L=ON \
-D WITH_VTK=OFF \
-D WITH_QT=OFF \
-D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-D PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH=/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages \
-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..

# run make
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

# cleaning (frees 300 MB)
make clean
sudo apt-get update

echo "Congratulations!"
echo "You've successfully installed OpenCV 4.5.5 on your Raspberry Pi 32-bit OS"

檢查 Raspberry Pi 是否有安裝 OpenCV 成功

Python3
import cv2

不藏私,來做人臉辨識吧!!

參考資料

https://qengineering.eu/install-opencv-4.5-on-raspberry-pi-4.html

https://qengineering.eu/install-opencv-4.5-on-raspberry-64-os.html